Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare but serious condition that can be associated with tampon use. Understanding the symptoms, risks, and how to use tampons safely is important for every tampon user.
What Is TSS?
TSS is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by toxins produced by certain bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus. While TSS can occur in anyone, it has been linked to tampon use, particularly when tampons are left in for too long or when higher-absorbency tampons are used than necessary.
TSS is rare. But because it can escalate quickly, it is important to know the warning signs and act fast if you experience them.
Symptoms of TSS
Symptoms of TSS can appear suddenly. Seek emergency medical attention immediately if you experience any of the following, particularly while using or shortly after using a tampon:
- A sudden high fever (38.9°C / 102°F or above)
- A rash that looks like sunburn, especially on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet
- Low blood pressure
- Vomiting or diarrhoea
- Muscle aches
- Dizziness, fainting, or feeling faint when you stand up
- Confusion or disorientation
- Redness of the eyes, mouth, or throat
You do not need to have all of these symptoms for it to be TSS. If you are concerned, remove the tampon and seek medical help immediately. Tell the medical team you have been using a tampon.
Call emergency services or go directly to your nearest Accident and Emergency department.
How to Reduce Your Risk
The good news is that TSS risk can be significantly reduced by following safe tampon use practices:
Choose the right absorbency. Always use the lowest absorbency tampon that meets your needs. Higher absorbency does not mean better protection, and it increases TSS risk. Match absorbency to your flow.
Change regularly. Change your tampon at least every four to six hours. Never leave a tampon in for longer than eight hours.
One tampon at a time. Never use more than one tampon at once.
Wash your hands. Always wash your hands before inserting and after removing a tampon.
Alternate with other products. Consider using pads or panty liners overnight or on lighter flow days instead of tampons.
Do not use tampons if you have had TSS before. If you have previously been diagnosed with TSS, consult your doctor before using tampons again.
Store tampons properly. Keep tampons in a clean, dry place. Do not use tampons that appear damaged or have been stored in damp conditions.
What to Do If You Think You Have TSS
- Remove the tampon immediately.
- Go to your nearest Accident and Emergency department, or call 999.
- Tell the medical staff that you have been using a tampon and that you are concerned about TSS.
Do not wait to see if symptoms improve on their own. TSS can worsen rapidly and requires prompt medical treatment.
Further Information
For further guidance on TSS and tampon safety, the following resources may be helpful:
- NHS: Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Family Planning Association Hong Kong
- Your local General Practitioner or gynaecologist
This information is provided for general guidance only and does not constitute medical advice. If you have any concerns about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.
